Secure Communication: Fiber optic cabling is considered one of the most secure means of communication. The construction of the cabling makes interception of the transmission signaling extremely difficult. Electromagnetic Compatibility: Fiber optic cabling is resistant to many of the outside forces that degrade copper cabling. In areas such as industrial facilities where large motors, controllers, and air conditioners are constantly starting and stopping, fiber optic cabling is highly recommended.
Speed: Fiber-optic cabling is many times faster than traditional copper cabling. Using fibre optic cable, optical communications have enabled telecommunications links to be made over much greater distances and with much lower levels of loss in the transmission medium and possibly most important of all, fiber optical communications has enabled much higher data rates to be accommodated.
As a result of these advantages, fibre optic communications systems are widely employed for applications ranging from major telecommunications backbone infrastructure to Ethernet systems, broadband distribution, and general data networking. Since the earliest days of telecommunications there has been an ever increasing need to transmit more data even faster. Initially single line wires were used.
These gave way to coaxial cables that enabled several channels to transmitted over the same cable. However these systems were limited in bandwidth and optical systems were investigated. Optical communications became a possibility after the first lasers were developed in the s. The next piece of the jigsaw fell into place when the first optical fibers with a sufficiently low loss for communications purposes were developed in the s.
Then, during the late s a considerable amount of research was undertaken. This resulted in the installation of the first optical fibre telecommunications system. It ran over a distance of 45 km and used a wavelength of 0.
Since then, considerable improvements have been made in the technology. Data rates have improved and in addition to this the performance of the optical fibre has been improved to enable much greater distances to be achieved between repeaters.
As an indication of this the speeds that can now be achieved along through a fibre optic system exceed 10 Tbps. When the first fibre optic transmission systems were being developed, it was thought that the fibre optic cabling and technology would be prohibitively expensive. However, this has not been the case and costs have fallen to the extent that fibre optics now provides the only viable option for many telecommunications applications.
In addition to this it is also used in many local area networks where speed is a major requirement. There are a number of compelling reasons that lead to the widespread adoption of fibre optic cabling for telecommunications applications:. Any fibre optic data transmission system will comprise a number of different elements. There are three major elements marked in bold , and a further one that is vital for practical systems:.
The different elements of the system will vary according to the application. Systems used for lower capacity links, possibly for local area networks will employ somewhat different techniques and components to those used by network providers that provide extremely high data rates over long distances.
The surface-emitting diodes are simple in design and are reliable, but due to their broader line width and modulation frequency limitation edge-emitting diodes are mostly used.
Edge emitting diodes have high power and narrower linewidth capabilities. For longer distances and high data rate transmission, Laser Diodes are preferred due to its high power, high speed, and narrower spectral linewidth characteristics.
But these are inherently non-linear and more sensitive to temperature variations. Nowadays many improvements and advancements have made these sources more reliable. A few of such comparisons of these two sources are given below. Both these sources are modulated using either direct or external modulation techniques. Optical fiber is a cable, which is also known as a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss material.
Optical fiber also considers the parameters like the environment in which it is operating, the tensile strength, durability, and rigidity. The Fiber optic cable is made of high-quality extruded glass si or plastic, and it is flexible. The diameter of the fiber optic cable is in between 0. The diameter of the core depends on the application used. Due to internal reflection, the light traveling within the core reflects from the core, the cladding boundary. The core cross-section needs to be a circular one for most of the applications.
Cladding is an outer optical material that protects the core. The main function of the cladding is that it reflects the light back into the core. When light enters through the core dense material into the cladding less dense material , it changes its angle, and then reflects back to the core. The main function of the buffer is to protect the fiber from damage and thousands of optical fibers arranged in hundreds of optical cables.
Fiber optic cable jackets are available in different colors that can easily make us recognize the exact color of the cable we are dealing with. The color yellow clearly signifies a single-mode cable, and the orange color indicates multimode. Single-Mode Fibers: Single-mode fibers are used to transmit one signal per fiber; these fibers are used in telephone and television sets. Single-mode fibers have small cores.
Multi-Mode Fibers: Multimode fibers are used to transmit many signals per fiber; these signals are used in computer and local area networks that have larger cores. The purpose of photodetectors is to convert the light signal back to an electrical signal. Two types of photodetectors are mainly used for optical receivers in optical communication systems: PN photodiode and avalanche photodiode. These materials include silicon, germanium, InGaAs, etc. In fiber-optic communication, laser light is used for transmission because this light source has a single wavelength.
As compared to other light sources like bulb light or sunlight have several light wavelengths. Thus, if another light source like sunlight is used for this communication then they will generate a less powerful sunbeam whereas the laser light generates a more powerful beam. So, laser light source is the best option for communication because of the low dispersion, generating a number of signals in less time. The whole process of transmitting an electrical signal from one point to the other by converting it into the light and using Fiber optic cable as transmission source is known as Optical Fiber Communication.
The fiber wires have replaced the copper wire as transmission cable since it has more advantages than the electrical cables. The reasons clearly explain that the fiber optic cables are far better than the coaxial copper cables and this is why Fiber optic cables are preferred over the conventions transmission mediums. Light or Laser light to be precise is used for the optical fiber communication because of the reason that the laser light is a single wavelength light source.
While the other light signals like sunlight or bulb light have many wavelengths of light and as a result, if used for communication they would produce a beam which is very less powerful and on the other hand, the laser having a single beam would result in a more powerful beam as output.
In Optical fiber communication, light is used as a signal which transmitted inside the optical fiber cable.
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