What is most important to understand is that the White Feather Campaign was not a one-sided transformation of gender identity. Both genders were wounded by this outright manipulation, and neither side came out of the war with the same standards that they had before. With such grave consequences that arose from the campaign, no English feminist organization ever dared to use the white feather in such a way again.
Poirier Philip, Adams R. Farrow, Recollections of a Conscientious Objector Pg. Adams R. The Conscription Controversy in Great Britain, UK: Ohio State Press, Chatham News. Coulson, Kernahan. The Experiences of a Recruitment Officer. Gullace, Nicoletta. Michael, MacDonagh. In London During the Great War. The Times. Ward, Paul. Hart, P. Hart, Peter J. HART, P. The newsletter highlights recent selections from the journal and useful tips from our blog.
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Forgot password? Reset your password ». By Peter J. Hart , Vol. Cite References Print. Attacking Masculinity with a Feather Masculinity has always been a fragile concept, especially to the men who strive to meet what they perceive as the criteria for manhood. Undeserving Victims The women of the White Feather Brigade were tasked with finding men in civilian dress walking around England and giving them the feather to force them to enlist.
Harsh Repercussions The White Feather Campaign was an obvious attack on masculinity and a blatant manipulation of gender in the pursuit of national recruitment.
Conclusion Whenever a specific gender role is attacked, the entire gender system feels the ripples of this change. Mason A. Savile Lumley Poster viii. Gullace, The Blood of Our Sons : Ministry of Defense - UK , www. Gullace, The Blood of Our Sons: The Four Feathers.
London, Daily Mail. Farrow, R. Recollections of a Conscientious Objector. The Blood of Our Sons. Palgrave Macmillan, Lawrence, Bill, interview by BBC. May Ministry of Defense - UK. Peter J. From the Inquiries Journal Blog. Related Reading History » The Holocaust. Hegemonic Masculinity in Boys Don't Cry History » Slavery. Monthly Newsletter Signup The newsletter highlights recent selections from the journal and useful tips from our blog. Follow us to get updates from Inquiries Journal in your daily feed.
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In at the age of seventeen I volunteered under the Lord Derby scheme. Now that was a thing where once you applied to join you were not called up at once, but were given a blue armband with a red crown to wear. This told people that you were waiting to be called up, and that kept you safe, or fairly safe, because if you were seen to be wearing it for too long the abuse in the street would soon start again.
James Cutmore had attempted to volunteer for the British Army in but was rejected because he was short-sighted. He enlisted the next day. By that time, they cared nothing for short sight. They just wanted a body to stop a shell, which Rifleman James Cutmore duly did in February , dying of his wounds on March My mother was nine, and never got over it. In her last years, in the s, her once fine brain so crippled by dementia that she could not remember the names of her children, she could still remember his dreadful, lingering, useless death.
She could still talk of his last leave, when he was so shell-shocked he could hardly speak and my grandmother ironed his uniform every day in the vain hope of killing the lice. The White Feather Brigade. Ladies wanted to present to young men of Deal who have no one dependent on them the Order of the White Feather for shirking their duty in not offering their services to uphold the Union Jack of Old England.
Men who put on uniform as a result of exhortation by squires, parsons, retired officers, employers, schoolmasters, leader-writers, politicians, cartoonists, poets, music-hall singers and women are not volunteers; they are conscripts.
They have gone in because it would have been so infernally unpleasant to have stayed out. On my way to work one morning a group of women surrounded me. I went to the recruiting office. The sergeant there couldn't stop laughing at me, saying things like "Looking for your father, sonny? You see, I was five foot six inches and only about eight and a half stone.
The Cheshire Regiment did not have a good reputation for its treatment of objectors. The previous week the newspaper had carried reports of how George Beardsworth and Charles Dukes [both subsequently prominent trade union leaders] had been forcibly taken to the drilling ground and kicked, punched, knocked down and thrown over railings until they lay exhausted, bruised and bleeding.
I was a little apprehensive. We hope that people will now be satisfied that the conscientious objector may at least be what he professes to be, and is not necessarily a mere coward masquerading under fine pretence. They are not all, or even principally, that prison is disagreeable My principal reason is that I have ideas for what I believe to be a really important piece of philosophical research The men who would not fight.
A crowd of conscientious objectors to military service during the first world war at a special prison camp. Order of the White Feather: My 'coward' grandfather After reading, in quick succession, four books about the men who fought the war, I took out a box of flimsy, yellowing letters, and tried yet again to imagine what my grandfather went through. The tradition is thought to derive from cockfighting and the belief that a cockerel sporting a white feather in its tail was likely to be a poor fighter.
It resurfaced prominently during the First World War, when conscientious objectors were shamed by members of the Suffragette movement. The Order of the White Feather aimed to force men into enlisting in the army, by asking women to approach men in the street who were not wearing a uniform and hand them a white feather. This prompted the Home Secretary to issue politicians and public servants with lapel badges reading 'King and Country' to indicate that they too were serving the war effort.
However, there were also unfortunate occasions when wounded soldiers on leave from the trenches wearing civilian clothes would sometimes be presented with a white feather by women unaware of their service. In one instance Private Ernest Atkins, who was on leave from the Western Front, was riding a tram when he was presented with a white feather by a girl sitting behind him. He smacked her across the face with his pay book and said: 'Certainly I'll take your feather back to the boys at Passchendaele.
Sir Craig Mackey's actions have brought to the fore the cases of Wayne Marques and Charlie Guenigault, both of whom faced grave danger Alfred Martlew pictured was shunned by his own community in York and labelled a coward as a teenager for refusing to fight during the Argos AO.
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